Which Quotation Correctly Uses An Ellipsis To Shorten Lincoln's Words

Which Quotation Correctly Uses an Ellipsis to Shorten Lincoln's Words?

The use of ellipses (...) to shorten quotations is a common practice, allowing writers to extract the most relevant parts of a longer text while maintaining the original meaning. However, using ellipses incorrectly can distort the original author's intent, creating an inaccurate or misleading representation. This article delves into the proper application of ellipses when shortening quotes, specifically focusing on quotations attributed to Abraham Lincoln. We'll examine several examples, highlighting the correct and incorrect usage, and ultimately determine which quotation accurately reflects Lincoln's words while adhering to grammatical and stylistic conventions. Understanding this is crucial for maintaining academic integrity and ensuring clear communication.

Understanding the Purpose of Ellipses

Ellipses serve a vital function in writing: to indicate omitted words or sentences within a quotation. They allow writers to condense lengthy quotes without altering the core message. However, their proper usage is critical. Incorrect application can lead to misinterpretations and even misrepresentations of the original speaker or writer's intention. The key is to use ellipses in a way that doesn't change the overall meaning or context of the quote.

Key Rules for Using Ellipses

Before we dive into Lincoln's quotes, let's establish the fundamental rules for ellipsis usage:

• Omitting words within a sentence: When omitting words within a single sentence, use three ellipses (...). For example, "The Gettysburg Address...was a pivotal moment in American history." This shows words have been omitted from the middle of the sentence.

• Omitting words between sentences: When omitting an entire sentence or multiple sentences, use three ellipses at the end of the first sentence and three ellipses at the beginning of the following sentence. For example:

"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal...Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure..."

• Omitting words at the beginning or end of a quotation: When omitting words at the beginning of a quotation, place the ellipsis at the beginning, followed by a space. When omitting words at the end, place the ellipses at the end, preceded by a space.

• Maintaining the original meaning: The most crucial rule is preserving the original meaning. Never use ellipses in a way that changes the author’s intended message or creates a false impression.

• Brackets and ellipses: If it's necessary to add clarifying words or phrases to the shortened quote, enclose them in brackets [ ]. For example: "He said, 'I...[think] we should proceed cautiously.'"

• Avoid excessive use: While ellipses are useful, overuse can make your writing choppy and difficult to read. Use them sparingly and only when necessary.

Analyzing Lincoln Quotations: Correct and Incorrect Usage

Now, let's analyze some purported quotations from Abraham Lincoln, focusing on the correct and incorrect application of ellipses.

Example 1: An Incorrectly Used Ellipsis

Incorrect Quotation: "Four score and seven years ago...dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."

Why it's incorrect: This example omits a significant portion of the opening sentence of the Gettysburg Address, creating a jarring and incomplete thought. The omitted phrase, "our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and," provides essential context. Removing it drastically alters the meaning and impact of the quote.

Example 2: A More Accurate, But Still Incomplete, Quotation

Quotation: "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal...It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this."

Analysis: This version is better than Example 1 because it maintains the integrity of the first sentence. However, it still omits a significant portion of the speech, including the crucial discussion of the present context of the Civil War and the meaning of the dedication to the proposition of equality. While grammatically correct, it presents an incomplete picture.

Example 3: A Correct and Contextually Appropriate Use

Quotation: "With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan—to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations."

Analysis: This quotation, taken from Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address, is a complete and self-contained sentence, requiring no ellipsis. Including ellipses would be unnecessary and potentially confusing. It illustrates a case where a complete and impactful sentence stands alone without needing any abbreviation.

Example 4: Correct Use for Brevity

Quotation: "Government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth...This simple yet profound statement encapsulates Lincoln's vision for a democratic society."

Analysis: This example uses an ellipsis appropriately. The complete sentence is well known, and the ellipsis is used to elegantly transition to a commentary on the quote. The meaning is preserved, and the use of the ellipsis is seamless and enhances the overall flow.

Example 5: Avoiding Distortion Through Careful Ellipsis

Incorrect Quotation: "...and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

Correct Quotation: "But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

Analysis: The incorrect version uses an ellipsis in a misleading manner, seemingly implying a standalone sentence when the context is crucially tied to what precedes it. The correct quotation demonstrates that omitting this introductory material fundamentally alters Lincoln’s meaning.

Conclusion: The Importance of Accurate Quotation

The proper use of ellipses in shortening quotations is essential for maintaining accuracy and avoiding misrepresentation. While ellipses are useful tools for brevity, they should be used carefully and judiciously to ensure the original author's message remains intact and the overall context is preserved. In the case of Lincoln's famous quotes, removing seemingly insignificant parts can dramatically alter their meaning and impact. By understanding the rules and guidelines outlined in this article, writers can confidently and accurately employ ellipses in their own work, avoiding the pitfalls of misquotation and ensuring the preservation of the original speaker's intended message. Always prioritize accuracy and context when working with quotations, especially those from influential historical figures like Abraham Lincoln. The integrity of your writing depends on it. Remembering that careful consideration and adherence to established conventions will ensure your writing is both accurate and engaging. Remember to always strive for clear and concise communication, making your writing compelling and trustworthy.